A 2005 survey of types of rapid test kits (RTKs) used in facilities participating in ANC in two of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria revealed 19 different brands ranging from cold chain-dependent to non-cold chain-dependent (Adedeji AA, personal communication, March 2005). The implications of these efforts entail screening several million people for HIV infection. 5, 6 In 2005, the Nigeria National Action Committee on AIDS (NACA) strategic framework set out to provide antiretrovirals (ARVs) to 80.0% of adults and children with advanced HIV infection and to 80.0% of HIV-positive pregnant women, all by 2010. There are about 0.4 million estimated new infections per year, 1.5 million persons requiring antiretroviral therapy and an estimated 2.2 million total AIDS orphans currently living in the country. 3 Nigeria has a generalised HIV epidemic - each of the 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory has over 1.0% HIV prevalence 4 - and an estimated 3.5 million people are infected with the virus in the country. The national HIV sero-prevalence sentinel survey amongst populations of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) commenced in Nigeria in 1991 and has since become a biennial activity. 2 This stimulated interest in the screening of various populations in Nigeria for HIV. 1 The first HIV case in Nigeria was reported in 1986. Nigeria is the tenth most populous country in the world and the most populous country in Africa, with an estimated population of 162.3 million. However, these RTKs need further evaluation in the field (Phase II) to re-validate their performance. Consequently, three serial algorithms, comprising four test kits (Bundi TM, Determine TM, Stat-Pak ® and Uni-Gold TM) with 100.0% sensitivity and 99.1% - 100.0% specificity, were recommended and adopted as national interim testing algorithms in 2007.ĬONCLUSION: This evaluation provides the first evidence for reliable combinations of RTKs for HIV testing in Nigeria. There were no significant differences in sensitivities or specificities of RTKs in the serial and parallel algorithms, but the cost of RTKs in parallel algorithms was twice that in serial algorithms. RESULTS: Six of the nine RTKs met the selection criteria, including minimum sensitivity and specificity (both ≥ 99.0%) requirements. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with 95% confidence intervals for all nine RTKs singly and for serial and parallel combinations of six RTKs and relative costs were estimated. These comprised 198 HIV-positive specimens (37.5%) and 330 HIV-negative specimens (62.5%), collected nationally. METHOD: Nine RTKs were evaluated using 528 well-characterised plasma samples. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess and select HIV RTKs and develop national testing algorithms. Between 20, a study was conducted to formally evaluate a number of RTKs and construct HIV testing algorithms. Before 2005, different RTKs had been used in Nigeria without formal evaluation. HIV rapid test kits (RTKs) have the advantage of ease of use, low operational cost and short turnaround times. VIISafe Blood for Africa Foundation (SBFAF), NigeriaīACKGROUND: Non-cold chain-dependent HIV rapid testing has been adopted in many resource-constrained nations as a strategy for reaching out to populations. VWorld Health Organization (WHO), Nigeria IVGlobal HIV AIDS Initiative in Nigeria (GHAIN), Nigeria ![]() IIIUS Department of Defense (DOD), Nigeria IIFederal Ministry of Health (FMOH), Nigeria IUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nigeria Orji Bassey I Kyle Bond I Adebayo Adedeji II Odafen Oke I Ado Abubakar I Kachiro Yakubu II Tapdiyel Jelpe I Ezekiel Akintunde III Patrick Ikani IV Adeniyi Ogundiran V Ali Onoja VI Issa Kawu II Gabriel Ikwulono II Idris Saliu VII Okey Nwanyawu I Varough Deyde I Evaluation of nine HIV rapid test kits to develop a national HIV testing algorithm in Nigeria
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